Dutch articles "de" and "het"

Sep 08, 2025 |
Twitter

Learn when to use de and het in Dutch with clear rules, examples, and tips to avoid mistakes and boost your grammar skills.

De or Het? How to Use Dutch Definite Articles

If you are learning Dutch, you have probably noticed that there are two words for “the”: de and het. This can be confusing, because in English there is only one form. The good news is that there are some rules and patterns that can help you decide which article to use.

General Idea

Dutch nouns belong to two categories: common gender (which uses de) and neuter (which uses het). In most cases, you simply need to memorize which article goes with which noun. However, there are a number of useful guidelines that will make the process easier.

When to Use de

  • All plurals: de stoelen (the chairs), de huizen (the houses)

  • Persons with identified gender: de dochter (the daughter), de vader (the father)

  • Professions: de dokter, de leraar

  • Letters and numbers: de A, de drie

  • Fruits, trees, and plants: de appel, de eik, de roos

  • Words ending in -ing, -ij, -heid, -nis, -de, -te: de opening, de vrijheid

  • Foreign words ending in -ade, -ide, -ode, -ude, -age, -esse, -ica, -iek, -ie, -ine, -iteit, -ose, -sis, -suur: de salade, de economie, de universiteit

  • Names of rivers and mountains: de Rijn, de Alpen

When to Use het

  • Diminutives (verkleinwoorden): het stoeltje (the little chair), het tafeltje

  • Nouns formed from infinitives: het zwemmen (swimming), het koken

  • Gender-neutral persons/children: het kind

  • Languages: het Nederlands, het Engels

  • Two-syllable words starting with ge-, be-, ver-, ont-: het gebouw, het beroep

  • Words ending in -isme, -ment, -sel, -um: het communisme, het document

  • Metals: het goud, het ijzer

Quick Reference Table

CategoryArticleExamples
Plural nounsdede stoelen, de huizen
Diminutiveshethet stoeltje, het tafeltje
Infinitive nounshethet zwemmen, het koken
Persons (gendered)dede dochter, de vader
Neutral child/personhethet kind
Professionsdede dokter, de leraar
Letters & numbersdede A, de drie
Languageshethet Nederlands, het Engels
Prefix ge-/be-/ver-/ont-hethet gebouw, het beroep
Endings -isme/-ment/-sel/-umhethet communisme, het document
Metalshethet goud, het ijzer
Fruits/trees/plantsdede appel, de eik
Endings -ing/-ij/-heid/-nis/-de/-tedede opening, de vrijheid
Foreign suffixes (-ade, -ide, etc.)dede salade, de universiteit
Rivers & mountainsdede Rijn, de Alpen

Final Tip

Even though these rules will help you a lot, there are still many exceptions. The best strategy is to always learn new words together with their article. Try to treat de tafel or het huis as one unit, instead of just “tafel” or “huis”. Over time, your feeling for which article to use will become more natural.